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Telehealth resources in response to COVID-19

The resources on this page have been collected for use by stroke care and rehabilitation professionals to provide telehealth services due to COVID-19 isolation or social distancing.

Please note

  • This web page contains links to information and materials and other content that might assist health professionals work and consult remotely with people with stroke, and with people with stroke who may have been discharged prior to completing their full rehabilitation programs.
  • The linked information, materials and other content on this web page has not been created, produced or endorsed by the Stroke Foundation.
  • The linked information, materials and other content on this web page is not intended to replace a health professional’s own professional judgement and decision-making.  
  • The Stroke Foundation shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the linked information, materials and other content on this web page.

Medicare item numbers

Ongoing MBS telehealth arrangements remain in place as of 1 July 2022. Several temporary MBS telehealth items were replaced by ongoing arrangmen from 1 January 2022, and other temporary specialist items ceased on 30 June 2022. Further information is in the fact sheets on MBS Online.

Synapse Medical has a free blog that answers questions about COVID-19 numbers. FAQs are also available, and questions can be posted.

Communication tools

For people with aphasia

Accessible healthcare communication materials and resources may be needed by people with aphasia and/or cognitive difficulties. The Centre for Research Excellence in Aphasia Rehabilitation and Recovery have put together a repository of materials, including in languages other than English, and they will continue to update it. Open either the PDF or the Excel document to find all the links. Key information includes:

  • General public health information about COVID-19
  • Pictographics relating to COVID-19, to support communication
  • Supported communication training for health professionals, to enhance their communication with people with aphasia
  • Wellbeing, peer support and social connection
  • Adapting aphasia assessments
  • Technology and telerehabilitation, with aphasia-friendly resources for using web-based platforms.

As healthcare professionals transition to telerehabilitation, it may seem too challenging to include people with aphasia. However, it is absolutely possible and should be promoted.

Languages other than English

COVID-19/Chronic Condition information sheets give non-English speakers information about how they should combat the virus and manage their general health and wellbeing. These fact sheets, designed to be handed out by health workers and medical practitioners in Sydney, were written in easy-to-understand English and translated into Arabic, Chinese, Chinese (Standard and Simplified), Greek, Italian and Vietnamese. They are available from Maridulu Budyari Gumal, Sydney Partnership for Health, Education, Research and Enterprise (SPHERE), and from NSW Health.

General telehealth guides and tips

Guide to using telehealth for clinicians during COVID-19 (PDF), a 4-page guide document with instructions on how to set up and run a successful telerehab session, with links to guidelines and tips on effective communication.

Centre of Research Excellence (CRE) in Telehealth, based at the University of Queensland. Highlights include:

  • What is Telehealth, with a series of videos describing what it is and gives examples of how it is done
  • Policy Digest, which covers a myriad of policy documents from guidelines to codes to conduct to standards to resource packages. It really is comprehensive and worth a look. 
     

 

Creating a telerehabilitation plan with stroke survivors and caregivers, a set of resources to help stroke survivors with moderate to severe physical disability participate in a physical telerehabilitation program. There are resources for stroke survivors and carers, and for clinicians. They were developed using an integrated knowledge translation framework, with input from stroke survivors, caregivers, clinicians and researchers. The project was led by Assoc. Prof. Cathy Said from the University of Melbourne, with funding from the Melbourne Disability Institute.

Governance and legality checklist for telehealth consultations, which follow the same standards as face-to-face consultations. It covers privacy legislation and standards of practice set by national and state and territory peak professional regulatory bodies. Part of the resources from the Digital Health Co-operative Research Centre's Telehealth Hub.

NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation's telehealth website, updated daily with useful resources including:

NeoRehab telerehabilitation platform eHAB, designed specifically for allied health telerehab services. It contains tools for measurement, data capture, interactive media capabilities, and can do multi-point calls – all of which are often necessary for rehabilitation services. The platform has the necessary security features that health services demand. Training in how to use eHAB is available. The designer of this system, Prof. Trevor Russell, is happy to support teams to get set up with the system. Contact t.russell@uq.edu.au

Virtual Healthcare (Telestroke) Implementation Toolkit (PDF), a 32-page document from the Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. It has been updated to support the rapid uptake of digital modalities during the global pandemic, ensuring effective and comprehensive assessment, diagnosis, and management of individuals with new and ongoing health issues that do not require direct in-person care or are not available due to a lack of local stroke-neurology expertise for reperfusion therapy assessment. It includes a comprehensive framework and roadmap of the major components of virtual care, checklists for effective and efficient virtual healthcare sessions, and performance measures for evaluation.

Video consultation guide for GP practices, a blog post that includes tips for high quality consultations, but is mostly COVID-19 diagnosis related. There is also a PDF document you can scroll through without having to download, which gives references for telehealth effectiveness (a newer version of the PDF contains a graphical guide for GPs conducting video consultations).

Australian Physiotherapy Association's webinar series on telehealth is freely available, with a Q&A about how to make a rapid transition. Additionally, the Australian Physiotherapy Neurology Group has a Facebook group you can request to join, where lots of members are sharing ideas and resources. You do not need to be an APA member, but you do need to be a physio and it may take a day or two for the moderator to get you linked in.

Australian Physiotherapy Association's guidelines on the use of telehealth in response to COVID-19 (PDF, 33 pages) have also been released. These guidelines include practical tips and considerations around privacy, safety and ethics.

For novice clinicians, the Stroke Training and Awareness Resources (STARS) website includes 19 e-learning resources to support key competencies in stroke care.

Online panel discussion: COVID19 & digital technology: the roles, relevance & risks of using telehealth in a crisis (90 min). Dr Norman Swan talks to Prof Trish Greenhalgh, Dr Amandeep Hansra, Dr Neale Fong, Karrie Long and Dr Daniel Stefanski about their experience of using telehealth.

Bridges Self Management team have collated some of their evidence-based resources for self management. As they say, “if there was ever a time for good self-management support, it is now.”

Stroke Tele-Etiquette by Victorian Stroke Telemedicine (VST) Service, a short (2 min 15 sec) video on the most important concepts to consider when using telemedicine for clinical consultations: Environment; Technology; Appearance and Communication (ETAC).

Telehealth Capability Interest Group, a community of practice from the NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation (ACI) that aims to share telehealth initiatives and supports clinicians to increase the use of telehealth into their clinical practice. The TCIG forum will be delivered every Thursday from 1–2 pm, with a detailed presentation and up to 10 minutes for questions, discussion and collaboration.

COVID-10 telehealth guides compiled by the Australasian Telehealth Society includes a number of resources from different organisations, as well as their own Quick guide to getting started (PDF).

Communication in telerehabilitation resources and suggestions from experts to support clinicians moving to telerehab, especially in stroke. These come from a rapid literature review conducted by the Auckland University of Technology (AUT) Centre for Person Centred Research.

Infographic for remote neurorehabilitation consultations, by Louise Connell from the University of Central Lancashire and East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust. It gives a quick guide to setting up, connecting, getting started, and assessing functional performance tests for safety and suitability for the environment.

Clinician resources from the American Academy of Neurologic Physical Therapy, with glossary, flow chart, measures that can be used in telehealth, case examples, and links to other websites relevant to physiotherapy and motor retraining practice.

Assessment tools

Assistive technology for independence and safe discharge, an evidence-based guide for prescribing assistive technologies, and alternatives to home visits. Despite the long-held belief that pre-discharge home visits, in particular those undertaken by occupational therapists, improve discharge transitions from hospital to home, research has suggested this is not always the case. Assistive technology (including home modifications) is of course important for supporting independence, but home visits for prescribing the technologies may not always be necessary.

iWalkAssess app from the University of Toronto provides instructions and tools to facilitate measuring walking speed and a 6-minute walk test. It includes automatic comparison to normative data and functions for goal setting. It is not designed for use via telehealth, but could possibly be adapted and may be a useful tool for novice clinicians.

How to administer the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), via phone or telehealth. Score sheets can be downloaded from www.mocatest.org

Swallowing examinations

Telepractice Dysphagia Assessment Service is an e-learning program for establishing and conducting adult clinical swallowing evaluations via telepractice. it has separate packages for Speech Pathology Managers implementing telepractice services, and for training clinical speech pathologists and healthcare support workers. The model of care described in this program was developed, tested and validated through research conducted by the Centre for Research in Telerehabilitation at The University of Queensland, and the Speech Pathology & Audiology Department at The Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital.

 

To access the Telepractice Dysphagia Assessment Service as a non-QHealth clinican, you first need to register for the iLearn website following the instructions in iLearn user help for external (PDF). Once your registration is processed, log into iLearn, go to the Course Catalogue, and search for "Telepractice". Click on the link for the course (AHPOQ-R) Telepractice Dysphagia Assessment Service.

If you have any queries or issues with accessing this resource, please contact clare.burns@health.qld.gov.au or nicky.graham@health.qld.gov.au

Therapy tools and resources

In addition to other resources below, physiotherapyexercises.com has a range of exercises on file that can be prescribed using a mobile option – and it's free. There is a link to a 9-min video “how to guide” for the mobile version – look for “New Mobile Functionality” on the home page. It is also available in several different languages.

VALD Health TeleHab is another free exercise prescription app that includes a large amount of exercise videos that clinicians can use to tailor home exercise programs for clients, and then review performance in online video consultations. Endorsed by the Australian Physiotherapy Association.

Mobility training

Setting up safe and effective home exercises (PDF), a 3-page guide including photos.

REPS Recovery Exercises app consists of video-guided, post-stroke exercise programs, including TASK. The aim of TASK is to help people after stroke to exercise at home, on an ongoing basis. People can practice everyday tasks, such as sitting, standing, stepping and standing up. It was designed to improve and/or maintain strength and mobility, as well as encourage people after stroke to be more physically active. TASK is also available as a web-based program.

Video-based exercise program delivery, a presentation by Kate Scrivener in which she shares ongoing research into delivering exercise programs by video and mobile apps, including the REPS app mentioned above, and what has been learnt about getting success with these formats.

Clock Yourself app is for balance training. It contains five stages that introduce progressively complex activities to train balance – very good for high-level balance exercises and dual tasking. Cost $1.99

AMOUNT trial patient instructions (PDF). This trial used readily available technology (e.g. Wii Fit, Xbox Kinect) and rehab technology (e.g. fysiogaming, Stepping tiles). The 14-page patient instructions are clear and aphasia-friendly, with clear instructions on using iPads as well as the trial-specific apps and FitBits. The AMOUNT trial protocol (DOCX) includes instructions and clinical decision-making guides.

Balance exercise ideas for home programs (PDF), a useful 5-page list from StrokeEd.

Tracking physical activity using devices (PDF), a 9-page document with instructions for using a range of common apps and devices, such as FitBit, Garmin, MapMyWalk and others.

Recovery of upper limb function and Walking learning modules on InformMe were created and reviewed by stroke, occupational therapy and physiotherapy experts. They contain practical advice for therapists when assessing and planning treatment for upper limb recovery and walking after stroke.

Clinician’s guide to task training for stroke survivors – the aim of this program is to help you review rehabilitation techniques with a focus on task-specific training.

HEALTH HUB LIVE is hosted daily at 12.30 pm on Facebook by the team at St Vincent's Private Hospital Sydney. These sessions guide people through daily prehabilitation exercises that can be done at home, as well as important health and wellness information to support people through COVID-19. Videos of past sessions can be found on their YouTube channel.

A Stroke of Luck's stroke-specific exercise videos are primarily aimed at improving balance and mobility. There are instruction videos for stroke survivors and carers, and the exercise programs are tailored to three groups of people: "red" for those with limited mobility, "amber" for those who need assistance with walking, and "green" for those who can walk independently.

Arm function

ViaTherapy app is designed as a decision tree for prescribing evidence-based arm exercises for people after stroke. It could be particularly useful for novice clinicians, or those with less experience in stroke. Easy to use on a mobile or PC interface.

GRASP program, with therapist Instructor manuals, participant manuals, and exercise log sheet and the target board are all available to download for free once you have registered at the website. GRASP is graded in three levels, dependent on the level of arm movement the person has. The program is available in both hospital and at home versions.

PUSH arm exercise program was originally designed and implemented at Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Stroke Unit. The program is based on evidence regarding arm training and dosage. There is currently no specific evidence validating the PUSH program. PUSH is suitable for stroke survivors with limited movement in their affected arm.

TeleCIMT TIDE Project supports the delivery via telehealth of constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), which is a proven arm rehabilitation approach that involves intensive use of your weaker arm whilst wearing a mitt on your stronger arm.

Communication training

See the Accessible healthcare communication materials and resources from the CRE in Aphasia Rehabilitation and Recovery linked above. The full contents are described at the top of this page, but they include information on adapting aphasia assessments, and aphasia-friendly resources for using web-based platforms.

Speech Pathology Australia has a telepractice web page, which is accessible to their members only. The telepractice FAQ page has additional information which may help speech pathology clinicians to set up telepractice services (e.g., videos on practicalities of telepractice), and information on funding streams. These web pages will be updated regularly as new resources become available.

Aphasia Software Finder has a list of apps designed to be searched and used by people with aphasia, with a summary for each piece of software written in aphasia-friendly language. It also has an advanced search for health professionals. The site was inspired and funded by the Tavistock Trust for Aphasia in the United Kingdom.

Psychological support

thiswayup.org.au has online courses available for chronic pain and a range of mental health conditions. All courses are free until 30 April 2020.

Vision and perception

Read-Right program for hemianopic alexia: This online program, developed by the team at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, is a practice-based therapy that aims to improve reading speeds in people with hemianopic alexia, a reading disorder related to a visual impairment (hemianopia) usually caused by a stroke or brain injury. The main part of the therapy involves reading scrolling text. The program includes in-built tests of visual fields, reading speed and visual search. Program participants are able to select from a wide range of reading materials including classic novels, current newspapers and popular novels (such as Harry Potter). The program is free for the first 7 days then at a cost of 5 GBP per month (approx $10 AUD).

Eye Search program for visual scanning: Free online therapy for patients with visual search problems (hemianopia or visual neglect) caused by stroke or brain injury, developed by the team at UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology. It is behavioural therapy designed to improve patients' speed and accuracy when finding objects through an online game that focuses on visual scanning and the training of the parts of the brain that control eye movements. Each level of the game then becomes increasingly difficult.

Wellness

PAVING the Path to Wellness™: Emergency Response Edition, a free, 6-week virtual program for patients who are recovering from brain injury and stroke and don’t have the funds to pay for this rehabilitation. The program includes a wellness toolkit for building a healthy mindset through lifestyle changes such as creating a wholesome diet and exercise plan, learning how to enjoy regular sleep patterns, identifying important goals, finding meaning and purpose, and forming powerful personal connections. With funding from brain injury charity SameYou, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital will accommodate 150 free places on their program, on a first come, first served basis. See eligibility requirements and registration guidelines in the link.

Fitness training

Safe exercise at home, a website to help older adults stay active. It was developed by a team of experienced physiotherapist researcher/clinician/academics from across Australia, led by Cathie Sherrington from the University of Sydney and Cathy Said from the University of Melbourne. It has been reviewed by consumers and international experts, and is endorsed by the Australian Physiotherapy Association.

TIME™ (Together In Movement through Exercise) Program information (PDF). Physiotherapists and occupational therapists from the University Health Network in Toronto, Canada have put together a list of exercise and wellness videos that are appropriate for people with mobility challenges. The selected videos work best for people who find it difficult to walk in the community and who use a cane or walker to get around. All these videos can be found online and are available free of charge.

Lessons learnt from the ExDose Trial (DOCX 41 KB). Some helpful tips from Margaret Galloway that emerged during a study of a telehealth-delivered exercise program aimed at increasing cardiorespiratory fitness for people after stroke. 

Hacks for exercising after stroke, a 13 min presentation by Dr Sarah Valkenborghs aimed at inspiring stroke survivors, but which includes useful tips for exercising for people with significant mobility issues.

Aerobic exercise after stroke (PDF), from the Canadian Partnership For Stroke Recovery. This guide for stroke survivors addresses the benefits of aerobic exercise, who should participate, why they should participate, how to get started and what's involved. It also includes a sample program and tips on how to monitor exercise intensity. The accompanying Clinician’s guide (PDF) includes key messages, elements and considerations of an aerobic program, addressing barriers and outcome measures.

EnableMe podcast with physiotherapist Dr Natalie Fini (18 min) to help stroke survivors learn about physical activity and exercise following stroke.

Clock Yourself app is a training tool for patients developed by physiotherapist Meg Lowry. It progressively increases tasks for people and works on improving balance and reaction times.

Strategies to increase home exercise, a video in which neurological physiotherapist Gail Wickham lists strategies found to improve adherence to home exercise programs over telerehab, including use of apps like Clock Yourself listed above.

Free “Senior Strong” workouts from the Body Project. This is a commercial company, but the workouts are freely available on YouTube and via the links below. The workouts were designed in conjunction with a nursing professor from the UK. They include older adults demonstrating as well as the fitness instructor. Instructors are engaging, with lots of talking but clear visual demonstrations. Some use dumbbell weights, which can be substituted with cans of beans or other household items. All (apart from the standing balance one) demonstrate sitting and standing options.

Infographic on muscle power and agingInfographic on muscle power and aging, created by Renata Krüger from the Hotchkiss Brain Institute at the University of Calgary, Canada, to summarise the importance of exercise for seniors. It gives examples of neuromuscular alterations with aging, which lead to power loss that affects the ability to perform activities of daily living. It also suggests some exercises to do at home.

Pilates videos for people with neuromuscular conditions, a playlist of exercises put together for rare disorders, but which can be applied more widely. Hosted on YouTube by the University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust.

Other support opportunities

Australian Telehealth for Stroke Community of Practice

The purpose of the Australian Telehealth for Stroke Community of Practice is to:

  • provide a forum for clinicians and researchers working in stroke rehabilitation, recovery and long-term management
  • enable a facilitated, credible and trusted communication channel for discussion and collaboration towards a common purpose
  • share resources, experience, skills and knowledge of best practice for using telehealth to deliver services or for electronic data capture 
  • build capability via mentoring
  • develop training tools for health care professionals.

Members get access to our Microsoft Teams platform, with discussion channels configured to reflect the six main areas of clinical interest identified by participants:

  1. Communication and swallowing problems (aphasia and dysphagia)
  2. General telehealth, quality assurance and billing
  3. Neuropsychology, memory and cognition
  4. Physical and sensory functioning (including mobility)
  5. Secondary prevention and medical support
  6. *Research (NEW)

We already have 400 members signed up, but we are still looking for stroke clinicians, researchers and other health professionals with an interest in telehealth services in the post-acute phase of stroke to join us.

Register for the community of practice

Relevant research papers

Chapman JE, Ponsford J, Bagot KL, Cadilhac DA, Gardner B, Stolwyk RJ (2020). The use of videoconferencing in clinical neuropsychology practice: A mixed methods evaluation of neuropsychologists' experiences and views. Australian Psychologist. doi:10.1111/ap.12471. Published online 2020 Jun 24.

Li I, Bui T, Phan HT, Llado A, King C, Scrivener K (2020). App-based supplemental exercise in rehabilitation, adherence, and effect on outcomes: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical Rehabilitation. 2020;269215520928119. doi:10.1177/0269215520928119. Published online ahead of print, 2020 Jun 7.

Safety and feasibility of telehealth delivered exercise (fitness) training. For full text contact Margaret Galloway, Margaret.Galloway@newcastle.edu.au

Zhou X, Snoswell CL, Harding LE, Bambling M, Edirippulige S, Bai X, Smith AC (2020). The role of telehealth in reducing the mental health burden from COVID-19. Telemed J E Health. 2020;26(4):377‐379. doi:10.1089/tmj.2020.0068

Greenhalgh T, Koh GCH, Car J (2020). Covid-19: a remote assessment in primary care. BMJ. 2020;368:m1182. Published 2020 Mar 25. doi:10.1136/bmj.m1182

Smith AC, Thomas E, Snoswell CL, Haydon H, Mehrotra A, Clemensen J, Caffery LC (2020). Telehealth for global emergencies: Implications for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Telemed Telecare. 2020 Mar 20;1357633X20916567. doi: 10.1177/1357633X20916567. Published online ahead of print, 2020 Mar 20.

Hassett L, van den Berg M, Lindley RI, Crotty M, McCluskey A, van der Ploeg HP, Smith ST, Schurr K, Howard K, Hackett ML, Killington M, Bongers B, Togher L, Treacy D, Dorsch S, Wong S, Scrivener K, Chagpar S, Weber H, Pinheiro M, Heritier S, Sherrington C (2020). Digitally enabled aged care and neurological rehabilitation to enhance outcomes with Activity and MObility UsiNg Technology (AMOUNT) in Australia: A randomised controlled trialPLoS Med. 2020 Feb 18;17(2):e1003029. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003029. eCollection 2020 Feb.

Laver KE, Adey-Wakeling Z, Crotty M, Lannin NA, George S, Sherrington C (2020). Telerehabilitation services for stroke. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 31;1:CD010255. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010255.pub3.

Bagot K, Moloczij N, Arthurson L, Hair C, Hancock S, Bladin CF, Cadilhac DA (2020). Nurses' role in implementing and sustaining acute telemedicine: a mixed-methods, pre-post design using an extended technology acceptance model. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2020 Jan;52(1):34-46. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12509. Epub 2019 Sep 11.

Bagot KL, Moloczij N, Barclay-Moss K, Vu M, Bladin CF, Cadilhac DA (2020). Sustainable implementation of innovative, technology-based health care practices: A qualitative case study from stroke telemedicine. J Telemed Telecare. 2020 Jan-Feb;26(1-2):79-91. doi: 10.1177/1357633X18792380. Epub 2018 Sep 7.

Galloway M, Marsden D, Callister R, Erikson K, Nilsson M, English C (2019). The feasibility of a telehealth exercise program aimed at increasing cardiorespiratory fitness for people after stroke. International Journal of Telerehabilitation 11(2); 9-28. doi:10.5195/ijt.2019.6290

Caughlin S, Mehta S, Corriveau H, Eng JJ, Eskes G, Kairy D, Meltzer J, Sakakibara BM, Teasell R (2019). Implementing telerehabilitation after stroke: lessons learned from Canadian trials. Telemed J E Health. 2019 Sep 9. doi: 10.1089/tmj.2019.0097.

Maddison R, Rawstorn JC, Stewart RAH, Benatar J, Whittaker R, Rolleston A, Jiang Y, Gao L, Moodie M, Warren I, Meads A, Gant N (2018). Effects and costs of real-time cardiac telerehabilitation: randomised controlled non-inferiority trial. Heart. 2019 Jan;105(2):122-129. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313189. Epub 2018 Aug 27.

Hamilton C, McCluskey A, Hassett L, Killington M, Lovarini M (2018). Patient and therapist experiences of using affordable feedback-based technology in rehabilitation: a qualitative study nested in a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2018 Sep;32(9):1258-1270. doi: 10.1177/0269215518771820. Epub 2018 Apr 26.

Bagot KL, Cadilhac DA, Kim J, Vu M, Savage M, Bolitho L, Howlett G, Rabl J, Dewey HM, Hand PJ, Denisenko S, Donnan GA, Bladin CF; Victorian Stroke Telemedicine Programme Consortium (2017). Transitioning from a single-site pilot project to a state-wide regional telehealth service: The experience from the Victorian Stroke Telemedicine programme. J Telemed Telecare. 2017 Dec;23(10):850-855. doi: 10.1177/1357633X17734004.

Bagot KL, Cadilhac DA, Bladin CF et al (2017). Integrating acute stroke telemedicine consultations into specialists’ usual practice: a qualitative analysis comparing the experience of Australia and the United Kingdom. BMC Health Serv Res 17, 751 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2694-1

Laver KE1, Lange B, George S, Deutsch JE, Saposnik G, Crotty M (2017). Virtual reality for stroke rehabilitation. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 11. Art. No.: CD008349. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008349.pub4.

Bagot KL, Bladin CF, Vu M, Kim J, Hand PJ, Campbell B, Walker A, Donnan GA, Dewey HM, Cadilhac DA; VST collaborators (2016). Exploring the benefits of a stroke telemedicine programme: An organisational and societal perspective. J Telemed Telecare. 2016 Dec;22(8):489-494.

Chen J, Jin W, Zhang XX, Xu W, Liu XN, Ren CC (2015). Telerehabilitation approaches for stroke patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2015 Dec;24(12):2660-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2015.09.014. Epub 2015 Oct 23.

Clark RA, Conway A, Poulsen V, Keech W, Tirimacco R, Tideman P (2015). Alternative models of cardiac rehabilitation: a systematic review. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015 Jan;22(1):35-74. doi: 10.1177/2047487313501093. Epub 2013 Aug 13.

Crotty M, Killington M, van den Berg M, Morris C, Taylor A, Carati C (2014). Telerehabilitation for older people using off-the-shelf applications: acceptability and feasibility. J Telemed Telecare. 2014 Oct;20(7):370-6. doi: 10.1177/1357633X14552382.

PubMed search for systematic reviews on telerehab for stroke (free to access). On 26/3/20 there were 14 hits.

Evidence to guide telehealth physiotherapy. The Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) has compiled a list of systematic reviews of tele-physiotherapy published in the last 5 years.

World-wide journal club, also from PEDro, encouraging the global physiotherapy community to read trials, reviews and guidelines that have important implications for clinical practice. Features discussions on exercise for preventing falls, and constraint-induced movement therapy after stroke.

Cochrane Special Collection on Coronavirus (COVID-19): remote care through telehealth. Systematic reviews that address using telehealth to support clinical management of various conditions, including reviews of using telehealth to provide carer and parent support as well as empowering patient self-management of their long-term conditions.